A Tiny Trauma (2022-05-20)

SQLServerCentral Newsletter for May 20, 2022 Problems displaying this newsletter? [View online](. [SQL Server Central]( Featured Contents - [A Tiny Trauma]( - [Flyway and Simple Source Control]( - [Change Management and Leadership Alignment]( - [From the SQL Server Central Blogs - SQL Homework – May 2022 – Books on Line]( - [From the SQL Server Central Blogs - Come to VS Live Austin in June]( Question of the Day - [Exporting the Database Encryption Key]( The Voice of the DBA  Daily Coping Tip Find out about the values or traditions of another culture I also have [a thread at SQLServerCentral]( dealing with coping mechanisms and resources. Feel free to participate. For many of you out there working in a new way, I'm including a thought of the day on how to cope in this challenging time from [The Action for Happiness Coping Calendar](. My items will be on [my blog](, feel free to share yours. Job Interviews: What is Normalization? This is part of a series that looks at interview questions that you might be asked. This editorial was originally published on Jan 11, 2018. It is being re-run as Steve is traveling. One of the cornerstones of a relational database is normalization. This is a database design technique that is used to decide how we might distribute data among tables and columns. If someone were to ask you "what is normalization" in your next job interview, what would you say? How do you answer this question? Depending on the position, and your experience, perhaps you'd talk about this in practical terms, with an example. Maybe you have a scenario you use to explain the concepts. I tend to lean towards an e-commerce type database, with orders, customers, and products. That's an easy concept for people to grasp. I can then give examples of how normalization might change the way we store data. Do you know there are various forms of normalization? We can talk about first, second, third, fourth, or other normal forms of the database. Perhaps you can explain these from memory? Maybe you know the academic definitions. Maybe you have your own description. I certainly think if the position may involve designing tables that you should be able to talk about the differences between these forms and determine what form a particular database is in. My answer would include quick explanations of how I would avoid repeating groups, columns not dependent on the PK, and how sometimes the third normal form starts to impact performance because of the number of joins required for simple queries. I would also be ready to expand on these topics, explaining what a PK is and how to choose one. This is a complex topic,and I doubt an interviewer would expect anyone to provide a thirty minute lecture, which wouldn't completely cover the topic. Instead, I would think that if an interviewer is interested in this topic, they will ask probing questions to determine if you understand the concepts. This means you can't just memorize the definition. You should ensure that if I have you a table, you could break it down into the entities for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal form. Perhaps you should read a [few basic articles](Design/72054/) to get some understanding. Maybe you need to delve a [little deeper into design]( and the anomalies that normalization attempts to mitigate. Prepping for an interview shouldn't be a cram session to learn more, but really a review of concepts you understand. Make sure you have some examples to explain your thoughts and practice a few of these questions with a friend by giving them an answer and listening to their feedback. Steve Jones - SSC Editor [Join the debate, and respond to today's editorial on the forums](   Featured Contents [SQLServerCentral Article]( [A Tiny Trauma]( mhtanner from SQLServerCentral.com Unexpected issue with a hidden calculation on TinyInt [External Article]( [Flyway and Simple Source Control]( Additional Articles from Redgate How to integrate Flyway database development with Source control, so that you can track what changes were made and who made them as well as which objects changed between versions, and how. [External Article]( [Change Management and Leadership Alignment]( Additional Articles from SimpleTalk Successfully implanting change in an organization requires buy-in from leadership. Rohan Kapoor explains what’s needed to get leadership alignment. [Blog Post]( From the SQL Server Central Blogs - [SQL Homework – May 2022 – Books on Line]( Kenneth.Fisher from SQLStudies No one knows everything. Ask any senior level person in IT and they’ll tell you that they spend plenty of ... Continue reading [Blog Post]( From the SQL Server Central Blogs - [Come to VS Live Austin in June]( Steve Jones - SSC Editor from The Voice of the DBA I’ll be at VS Live this June to speak on a couple of topics. I love that city and I’m excited to get back to an in-person event. You...   Question of the Day Today's question (by Steve Jones - SSC Editor):  Exporting the Database Encryption Key I have a Database Encryption Key (DEK) in a database that is protected by TDE. How do I export a copy of this key for DR purposes? Think you know the answer? [Click here]( and find out if you are right.    Yesterday's Question of the Day (by Steve Jones - SSC Editor) Azure SQL Database Differential Backup Frequency How often does Azure run an automated differential backup of your Azure SQL Database or Managed Instance database? Answer: Every 12 to 24 hours Explanation: Azure runs a differential backup every 12-24 hours for your Azure SQL Databases and Managed Instance databases. Ref: Automated backups - Azure SQL Database & Azure SQL Managed Instance - [Discuss this question and answer on the forums](    Database Pros Who Need Your Help Here's a few of the new posts today on the forums. To see more, [visit the forums](. --------------------------------------------------------------- SQL Server 2017 - Administration [Always on Failover]( - In our environment we have about 10 Always on Set up. The application has configured to connect using listener. The applications are didn't hard coded with server (They are using listner name) still whenever we did the fail over, few applications are not working on one server. [Cummulative Updates in SQL 2017 & Free space calculataions]( - Since SQL 2017 doesn't have any service packs, is there any difference in the process to apply CUs? How do we know how much free space on the drive is required to apply the cumulative updates on SQL Server RTM? Thanks SQL Server 2017 - Development [how to get text from hashed text value by sql server 2017 ?]( - How to extract data from hashbyte text after hash or encrypted on SQL how to extract data from hashbyte text after hash or encrypted on sql server 2017 ? I work on sql server 2017 i have field nvarchar(max) store values hashbytes suppose i have text as username:sayed password:321 and i hash it by using […] [JSON String invalid]( - Hi All, Have query regarding a nested array in JSON file, previously raised a ticket on how to retrieve the data but due to the number of JSON files involved using JSON_VALUE is leading to poor performance. Decided to try to name the array myself in the JSON string but coming across problems, below is […] Administration - SQL Server 2014 [I/O errors in SQL]( - Hello!! I have a McAfee ePO setup where we use SQL for database. I noticed few monitors/say tables are not displaying properly in dashboards. . When I went through the sql logs I found below errors. Could these errors be a reason for not seeing the tables getting populated ? 2022-03-21 02:00:26.35 spid16s SQL Server […] [Connect SQL Server using local IP]( - Dears ! Good Day ! I have using SQL Server. I write the server name for login as "192.168.10.2\SQLSRVR2008" but I want to use server name only as "192.168.10.2" How can I do so ? Anybody plz help me in this matter. SQL Server 2019 - Administration [Can't copy login to one server in a cluster]( - We have a SQL job that we run to copy all logins from the Primary node to all (3) Secondary nodes. For this one particular cluster, we can copy the logins to 2 of the secondary nodes, but not to one of them. I tried adding a new user to Primary and when I ran […] [SEARCH FOR AND REPLACE]( - I have a wordpress database, and I want to search the post table for all the words that are between double brackets and replace it with that same word, but duplicating it. What I'm looking for is something like this: before: [[my text]] after: [[my text || my text]], or [[my text // my text]], […] [Minimum Permissions for Conflict Viewer]( - Hi, I'm looking to find the minimum permissions necessary to give a user access to the Replication Conflict Viewer and allow user to view and resolve conflicts in Management Studio. SQL Server 2019 - Development [restore to a new database using full and differential back in one backup file]( - Hello, Is there a way to restore to a new database using Full and differential backup packed in one file? The Differential backup that I have from the corrupted server has a full backup in it the day I started the backup. I first did a full backup manually and on it I started differential […] [Trouble with the PIVOT]( - I am attempting to pivot some data but need to have the columns across populate based on date variables so that each day in the sequence is a column. While the regular PIVOT logic seems to work fine, when I add the dynamic feature to spread the dates depending on the date window given I […] [SQL 2012 through 2019 in-place]( - I've downloaded SQL Server Standard 2019 to upgrade our database because we have a Microsoft Campus Agreement, but I'm being asked for a license for SQL Server 2019 Reporting Services. MECM is an entitlement, however I can't seem to find a license for it on the Microsoft Volume Licensing Site. Anyone know anything about this? […] Working with Oracle [backup database in SQL Server VS Oracle]( - I would like to know the difference of full back up between Oracle and SQL server. In SQL server, for a medium size database, If I do a full backup, then I can use to restore to another database that is exactly the same as the original database. I don't need to do online transaction […] Reporting Services [Author "notes" in SSRS?]( - At my company I've come across a variety of SSRS reports where none of my current colleagues know who either created a given report, or who last made changes to it and why those changes were made. Apparently, "version control" isn't a concept at work. With that said, how do you choose to leave "notes" […] Integration Services [ISNULL question]( - I am trying to use ISNULL in derived Column in SSIS. I have tried using this code  ISNULL(MiddleName)? "FirstName + ' ' + LastName": FirstName + ' ' + MiddleName + ' ' + LastName  It shows error message please correct   [RSS Feed]([Twitter]( This email has been sent to {EMAIL}. To be removed from this list, please click [here](. 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