Race/Related: The horrors of the Native American boarding school system

The schools robbed children of their culture, family bonds and sometimes their lives. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP4QqAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIzMDkwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDE3NDEmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcHJvZHVjdENvZGU9UlImcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MzU2OCZ0ZT0xJnVyaT1ueXQlM0ElMkYlMkZuZXdzbGV0dGVyJTJGYWJkZmMwYmUtNmY5Mi01ZTQ1LWE5M2UtZmMwZGIwNmFmNWFlJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZPAEFvNkt1hVgFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0SyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) [Marquee Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0SZaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjA3NTgwJmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIzMDkwMiZ0ZT0xJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyVwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [More Race/Related](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3BvdGxpZ2h0L3JhY2U_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMzA5MDImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTAxNzQxJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDM1NjgmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) September 2, 2023 A promotional pamphlet from Carlisle Indian Industrial School, showing before-and-after portraits of students.via Dickinson College Archives and Special Collections ‘War Against the Children’ [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvemFjaC1sZXZpdHQ_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMzA5MDImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTAxNzQxJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDM1NjgmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~)[Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TLaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkveXVsaXlhLXBhcnNoaW5hLWtvdHRhcz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIzMDkwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDE3NDEmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MzU2OCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZPAEFvNkt1hVgFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TBaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvc2ltb24tcm9tZXJvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) By [Zach Levitt](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvemFjaC1sZXZpdHQ_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMzA5MDImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTAxNzQxJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDM1NjgmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~), [Yuliya Parshina-Kottas](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TLaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkveXVsaXlhLXBhcnNoaW5hLWtvdHRhcz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIzMDkwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDE3NDEmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MzU2OCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZPAEFvNkt1hVgFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) and [Simon Romero](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TBaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvc2ltb24tcm9tZXJvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) The Native American boarding school system was vast and entrenched, ranging from small shacks in remote Alaskan outposts to refurbished military barracks in the Deep South to large institutions up and down both the West and East coasts. Until recently, incomplete records and scant federal attention kept even the number of schools — let alone more details about how they functioned — unknown. The 523 schools represented here comprise the most comprehensive accounting to date of institutions involved in the system. This data was compiled over the course of several years by the [National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0S8aHR0cHM6Ly9ib2FyZGluZ3NjaG9vbGhlYWxpbmcub3JnLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIzMDkwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDE3NDEmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MzU2OCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZPAEFvNkt1hVgFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD), a nonprofit advocacy and research organization. It reflects the efforts of historians, researchers, activists and survivors who have filled in many of the blanks in this dark chapter of American history. The first school opened in 1801, and hundreds were eventually established or supported by federal agencies such as the Interior Department and the Defense Department. Congress enacted laws to coerce Native American parents to send their children to the schools, including authorizing Interior Department officials to withhold treaty-guaranteed food rations to families who resisted. Congress also funded schools through annual appropriations and with money from the sale of lands held by tribes. In addition, the government hired Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Episcopalian and Congregationalist associations to run schools, regardless of whether they had experience in education, paying them an amount for each student. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0SZaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTc0MTQ5JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIzMDkwMiZ0ZT0xJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyVwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) Beyond the vast federal system, this new list also sheds light on boarding schools that operated without federal support. Religious organizations ran at least 105 schools; many were Catholic, Presbyterian or Episcopalian, but smaller congregations such as the Quakers ran schools of their own. Wherever they were located or whoever ran them, the schools largely shared the mission of assimilating Indigenous students by erasing their culture. Children’s hair was cut off; their clothes were burned; they were given new, English names and were required to attend Christian religious services; and they were forced to perform manual labor, both on school premises and on surrounding farms. Those who dared to keep speaking their ancestral languages or observing their religious practices were often beaten. While the boarding school era might seem like distant history, aging survivors, many in their 70s and 80s, are striving to ensure the harm that was done is remembered. ‘Our Language, Our Culture, Our Family Ties, Our Land’ Ben Sherman, a member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe who spent four years living at the Oglala Community School in Pine Ridge, S.D., said he placed the emergence of some of the worst abuses at Native American boarding schools with the sunset of the “shooting wars” waged by the United States government against Indigenous peoples in the last decades of the 19th century. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-1) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0SZaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjA3NTc3JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIzMDkwMiZ0ZT0xJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyVwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) “The government was not done with war, so the next phase involved war against the children,” said Mr. Sherman, 83, a former aerospace engineer. “Don’t try to tell me this wasn’t genocide,” added Mr. Sherman, who said in an interview that he had once run away from the school and walked nearly 50 miles trying get home. “They went after our language, our culture, our family ties, our land. They succeeded on almost every level.” Some of the most enduring impacts of the schools involved trauma passed on from one generation to the next, Mr. Sherman said, explaining how his immediate family attended boarding schools for four generations. His great-grandmother, Lizzie Glode, was among the first group sent to a boarding school in Carlisle, Pa. One of Ms. Glode’s sons, Mark, attended the Rapid City Indian Boarding School. The environment there was so harsh, Mr. Sherman said, that in 1910, when Mark was 17, he and three other boys ran away. They followed the railroad tracks south toward the Pine Ridge reservation. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-2) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0SZaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI4Njk5JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIzMDkwMiZ0ZT0xJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyVwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) At one point, Mr. Sherman said, Mark and another boy slept on the railroad track. A train rolled through, striking and killing the two boys. While researchers say the known toll is still far from complete, there are at least hundreds of Native children who died while attending boarding schools. In site after site, children’s bodies were stuffed into graves without regard for the burial traditions of their families or their cultures. In recent years, tribal nations around the United States have begun to use technologies like remote sensing surveys and ground-penetrating radar to scour locations for evidence of burial sites. In July, the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah confirmed that 12 children were [buried](~/AAAAAQA~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~) in unmarked graves at the site of the Panguitch Indian Boarding School in southern Utah. Archival records, including an 1899 map, make reference to a cemetery on the premises of Genoa Indian Industrial School in Nebraska, about 90 miles west of Omaha — but the location of the cemetery has been lost. At least 86 students are thought to have died at Genoa from causes including typhoid, tuberculosis and an accidental shooting. Present-day investigation efforts to find students’ remains at Genoa are being led by the Nebraska state archaeologist, in consultation with 40 Native nations whose children attended the school. In its [preliminary report](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0T8aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmlhLmdvdi9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL2R1cC9pbmxpbmUtZmlsZXMvYnNpX2ludmVzdGlnYXRpdmVfcmVwb3J0X21heV8yMDIyXzUwOC5wZGY_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMzA5MDImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTAxNzQxJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDM1NjgmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTwBBbzZLdYVYBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) released last year, the Interior Department indicated it expected the number of children known to have died in Native American boarding schools to grow into “the thousands or tens of thousands.” Read the rest of the story [here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMy8wOC8zMC91cy9uYXRpdmUtYW1lcmljYW4tYm9hcmRpbmctc2Nob29scy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). EDITORS’ PICKS We publish many articles that touch on race. Here are a few you shouldn’t miss. [[Article Image] Hulu](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOS8wMS9hcnRzL3RoZS1jb252ZXJzYXRpb25zLXByb2plY3QuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIzMDkwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDE3NDEmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MzU2OCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZPAEFvNkt1hVgFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [A New Hulu Series Celebrates the Many Faces of Black Success A hybrid of talk show and dinner party, “The Conversations Project” pairs gourmet meals with provocative questions about being Black in America. 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After complaints, the city held an open call for submissions. By Christopher Kuo](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8zMC9hcnRzL2Rlc2lnbi90dWJtYW4tc2N1bHB0dXJlLXBoaWxhZGVscGhpYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [[Article Image] Kaylen Sanders](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TuaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8yNi9zdHlsZS9mb2xkaW5nLWNoYWlyLWFsYWJhbWEtcml2ZXJmcm9udC1icmF3bC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Place to Sit, or Symbol of Resistance? The Evolution of the Folding Chair. It figured prominently in viral footage of a brawl, where it was used as a blunt instrument. So why is the humble folding chair now turning up on T-shirts, earrings and at least one tattoo? By Frank Rojas](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TuaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8yNi9zdHlsZS9mb2xkaW5nLWNoYWlyLWFsYWJhbWEtcml2ZXJmcm9udC1icmF3bC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [[Article Image] Mustafa Hussain for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8yOC9hcnRzL2RhbmNlL2NoaWNhZ28tYmxhY2stZGFuY2UtbGVnYWN5LXByb2plY3QuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIzMDkwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDE3NDEmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MzU2OCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZPAEFvNkt1hVgFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [In Chicago, Keeping the Heritage of Black Dance Moving An initiative started in 2019 helps to address funding disparities and offers a vision of Black dance as a form whose categories refuse to be static. By Emma R. Cohen](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8yOC9hcnRzL2RhbmNlL2NoaWNhZ28tYmxhY2stZGFuY2UtbGVnYWN5LXByb2plY3QuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIzMDkwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDE3NDEmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MzU2OCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZPAEFvNkt1hVgFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [[Article Image] Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8zMS9zdHlsZS9lbGl6YWJldGgtZ3JhemlvbG8tYXJjaGl0ZWN0LXllbGxvdy1ob3VzZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [An Architect Who Forges Ahead in Her Own Lane Elizabeth Graziolo is a Black female classical architect and owns her own firm. Thanks to her influence, she may soon have more company. By Jane Margolies](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8zMS9zdHlsZS9lbGl6YWJldGgtZ3JhemlvbG8tYXJjaGl0ZWN0LXllbGxvdy1ob3VzZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) Invite your friends. Invite someone to subscribe to the [Race/Related](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm1ZsEP0TKaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnMvcmFjZS1yZWxhdGVkP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjMwOTAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwMTc0MSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQzNTY4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0Qgpk8AQW82S3WFWAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) newsletter. 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