Are Paper Mate pens drying out faster than they used to?

A Wirecutter investigation [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P4Q9AWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS9keW5hbWljL3JlbmRlcj9hYlZhcmlhbnRJZD0xJmNhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4JmlzVmlld0luQnJvd3Nlcj10cnVlJm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVyaT1ueXQ6Ly9uZXdzbGV0dGVyLzI5MTEwMzcyLTY1NzQtNWIyOC1iZjgwLWZhMGQ4YjJiNGVhZCZ1c2VyX2lkPTZjNTNiNjNhOGUzZmFkNzBhZDRlZjEzMDA0NTI3NDM3VwNueXRCCmbP-5jdZkJpcdBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjg2QGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [The Recommendation](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TEaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) How I became obsessed with Ralph Nader’s favorite pen [A link chart on a cork board connecting Ralph Naderw to photos of different pens.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL3JhbHBoLW5hZGVyLXBlbnMtZHJ5aW5nLW91dC8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) Photo Illustration: Dana Davis By Annemarie Conte I didn’t intend to spend 15 months obsessing over Ralph Nader’s pens. But here we are. Back in June 2023, Ralph Nader—the ferociously focused consumer advocate and erstwhile presidential candidate—called Wirecutter with a complaint. The Paper Mate Flair pens that he had been using for decades were drying out faster than they used to. Every day, Nader marks up newspapers with the Flair and sends the annotated articles off to all kinds of people. But the darned ink kept drying out. I wasn’t the first person he contacted. He says Paper Mate dismissed his concerns. He told me that a different product-review organization didn’t even return his call. But here at Wirecutter? We don’t shy away from taking a weird and wonderful journey to the truth, even when it’s hard. We started by having Nader test some of our favorite pens to see if there was one he liked better. He tried them. [He didn’t like them](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL3JhbHBoLW5hZGVyLWZhdm9yaXRlLXBlbnMvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). Then I turned to the multiplying theories of why his pens were drying out faster than they once did. Was it design or manufacturing changes? Modern newsprint soaking up more ink? Could it be climate change? I couldn’t let these theories go unanswered. So I spent months investigating. Yes, months. I dug, I needled, I picked. I consulted weather experts and ink obsessives and air quality aficionados. I even had the pens scanned by an industrial CT scanning company. Things got … serious. [Here’s what I learned→](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL3JhbHBoLW5hZGVyLXBlbnMtZHJ5aW5nLW91dC8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) We independently review everything we recommend. When you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. [Learn more ›](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TKaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9hYm91dC8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) More Wirecutter rabbit holes [Two KitchenAid mixers side by side, one in coral and one in gray.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0T3aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2Jlc3Qtc3RhbmQtbWl4ZXIvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0Mzcjd2hhdHMtaW5zaWRlLWEta2l0Y2hlbmFpZFcDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)[What’s inside a Kitchen Aid? We took one apart. And found ... a lot of black sludge→](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0T3aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2Jlc3Qtc3RhbmQtbWl4ZXIvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0Mzcjd2hhdHMtaW5zaWRlLWEta2l0Y2hlbmFpZFcDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Several pieces of paper hanging from clothespins on a clothesline.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0T0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2xhdW5kcnktZGV0ZXJnZW50LXNoZWV0cy1zdXN0YWluYWJpbGl0eS8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)[The dubious sustainability claims of laundry sheets Here’s what we learned when we went digging→](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0T0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2xhdW5kcnktZGV0ZXJnZW50LXNoZWV0cy1zdXN0YWluYWJpbGl0eS8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [An animated lamp that looks like a leg with a heel and fishnet tights.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2Fzay13aXJlY3V0dGVyLXR1cm4tb2ZmLXRoZS1saWdodHMvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[Do you actually need to turn the lights off when you leave a room? It turns out, no→](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2Fzay13aXJlY3V0dGVyLXR1cm4tb2ZmLXRoZS1saWdodHMvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [A graphic of three stacks of coins with houses on top of them.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2J1eWluZy1zb2xhci1wYW5lbHMvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[10 questions to consider before you get solar panels Including: Will they actually pay for themselves?→](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL2J1eWluZy1zb2xhci1wYW5lbHMvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [A pile of paper with shredded pieces of paper on top of the pile.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9ndWlkZXMvaG93LXRvLWdldC1yaWQtb2Ytc2hyZWRkZWQtcGFwZXIvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[What’s the best way get rid of shredded paper? Weirdly enough, you shouldn’t recycle it. Here’s what to do instead→](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9ndWlkZXMvaG93LXRvLWdldC1yaWQtb2Ytc2hyZWRkZWQtcGFwZXIvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) Plus: The very best pens (whether Ralph Nader likes them or not) [Six of our favorite pens, shown on a notebook.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TZaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL3RoZS1iZXN0LXBlbi8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) Photo: Michael Hession After very much note-taking—testing qualities like ink smoothness, comfort, and consistency—we walked away from our latest round of testing with a few favorite pens, including a top pick that has fast-drying ink and is our go-to for everyday writing on any kind of paper. [Our 7 favorite pens→](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TZaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vd2lyZWN1dHRlci9yZXZpZXdzL3RoZS1iZXN0LXBlbi8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) One last thing: Sofia’s mom agrees … [An image of a text message exchange.] Why is this happening?! Photo: Sofia Sokolove Do you have information that could help us solve the Nader pen mystery? We have set up a tip line: 212-556-1314. You can reach the Wirecutter Newsletters team at newsletters@wirecutter.com. We can’t always respond, but we do love to hear from you. Was this email kindly forwarded to you? [Sign up here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmV3c2xldHRlcl9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZSZubD10aGUtcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb24mcHJvZHVjdF9jb2RlPVdDRCZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) to get this newsletter in your inbox. Need help? Review our [newsletter help page](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TkaHR0cHM6Ly9oZWxwLm55dGltZXMuY29tL2hjL2VuLXVzL2FydGljbGVzLzM2MDAwMTQ4ODI2Ni1OZXdzbGV0dGVycz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0yOTAmZW1jPWVkaXRfd2NkXzIwMjQwOTA4Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEzMzY1OCZubD10aGUtcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD0xNjY0MzM4OTQmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzcyMDcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTZjNTNiNjNhOGUzZmFkNzBhZDRlZjEzMDA0NTI3NDM3VwNueXRCCmbP-5jdZkJpcdBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjg2QGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) or [contact us](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TjaHR0cHM6Ly9oZWxwLm55dGltZXMuY29tL2hjL2VuLXVzL2FydGljbGVzLzExNTAxNTM4NTg4Ny1Db250YWN0LXVzP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) for assistance. You received this email because you signed up for The Recommendation from The New York Times. To stop receiving The Recommendation, [unsubscribe](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TlaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnMvb3B0b3V0P2VtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZubD10aGUtcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb24mcHJvZHVjdD1XQ0Qmc2VuZF9pZD0xNzcyMDcmdGU9MSZ0b2tlbj02NDIxM2UyZWI4ZmYwMjZmMDU1MWVjMTViNzEzYjNjODc4ZDA0MDhiNjk4MWZlYjkwOTY3OGI3ZDVkNDZlZWJiOTAxMmQzMGRhNDg3M2EwOTI0ODRmZjg4MDg0ZjhmZGNjYjI3Y2I1N1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). To opt out of other promotional emails from The Times, including those regarding The Athletic, [manage your email settings](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TZaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnMvbWFuYWdlP2VtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZubD10aGUtcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb24mc2VuZF9pZD0xNzcyMDcmdGU9MSZ0b2tlbj1iMzg1ZWQ2ZmJiYTZjMjA5OGJlYTM5MDFiNTJjYTM1MWUzZjZiZjYxZDg5M2FiYzY0ODczYWQxZWYzNjk0OTJmZTUyNzllNGY0YTRiNmEzYjg2NTJjNjI5MzgzMjgxMDE2MmFiYmU3OVcDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). To opt out of updates and offers sent from The Athletic, [submit a request](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TWaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVhdGhsZXRpYy56ZW5kZXNrLmNvbS9oYy9lbi11cy9yZXF1ZXN0cy9uZXc_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). [Subscribe to The Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TWaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3Vic2NyaXB0aW9uP2NhbXBhaWduSWQ9OVJYNzgmY2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)[Get The New York Times app](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TTaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VydmljZXMvbW9iaWxlL2luZGV4Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) Connect with us on: [facebook](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0THaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3RoZXdpcmVjdXR0ZXI_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [x](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0S5aHR0cHM6Ly94LmNvbS93aXJlY3V0dGVyP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [instagram](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TGaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5zdGFncmFtLmNvbS93aXJlY3V0dGVyLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0yOTAmZW1jPWVkaXRfd2NkXzIwMjQwOTA4Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEzMzY1OCZubD10aGUtcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD0xNjY0MzM4OTQmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzcyMDcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTZjNTNiNjNhOGUzZmFkNzBhZDRlZjEzMDA0NTI3NDM3VwNueXRCCmbP-5jdZkJpcdBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjg2QGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [whatsapp](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2hhdHNhcHAuY29tL2NoYW5uZWwvMDAyOVZhMXdmMkREMzhDSzJQY2RIRzFOP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Change Your Email](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TNaHR0cHM6Ly9teWFjY291bnQubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbWVtL2VtYWlsLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MjkwJmVtYz1lZGl0X3djZF8yMDI0MDkwOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMzM2NTgmbmw9dGhlLXJlY29tbWVuZGF0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9MTY2NDMzODk0JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTc3MjA3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02YzUzYjYzYThlM2ZhZDcwYWQ0ZWYxMzAwNDUyNzQzN1cDbnl0Qgpmz_uY3WZCaXHQUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW44NkBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)[Privacy Policy](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vY29udGVudC9oZWxwL3JpZ2h0cy9wcml2YWN5L3BvbGljeS9wcml2YWN5LXBvbGljeS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTI5MCZlbWM9ZWRpdF93Y2RfMjAyNDA5MDgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTMzNjU4Jm5sPXRoZS1yZWNvbW1lbmRhdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTE2NjQzMzg5NCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3NzIwNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NmM1M2I2M2E4ZTNmYWQ3MGFkNGVmMTMwMDQ1Mjc0MzdXA255dEIKZs_7mN1mQmlx0FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luODZAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[Contact Us](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TVaHR0cHM6Ly9teWFjY291bnQubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbWVtYmVyY2VudGVyL2hlbHAuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0yOTAmZW1jPWVkaXRfd2NkXzIwMjQwOTA4Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEzMzY1OCZubD10aGUtcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD0xNjY0MzM4OTQmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzcyMDcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTZjNTNiNjNhOGUzZmFkNzBhZDRlZjEzMDA0NTI3NDM3VwNueXRCCmbP-5jdZkJpcdBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjg2QGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~)[California Notices](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRowB37P0TSaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vcHJpdmFjeS9jYWxpZm9ybmlhLW5vdGljZT9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0yOTAmZW1jPWVkaXRfd2NkXzIwMjQwOTA4Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEzMzY1OCZubD10aGUtcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD0xNjY0MzM4OTQmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzcyMDcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTZjNTNiNjNhOGUzZmFkNzBhZDRlZjEzMDA0NTI3NDM3VwNueXRCCmbP-5jdZkJpcdBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjg2QGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) The New York Times Company. 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018