Thursday Briefing: A military aid pact for Russia and North Korea

Obstacles to getting aid into Gaza and the legacy of Black librarians in the U.S. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4RRAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS9keW5hbWljL3JlbmRlcj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJmlzVmlld0luQnJvd3Nlcj10cnVlJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcGFpZF9yZWdpPTAmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVyaT1ueXQlM0ElMkYlMkZuZXdzbGV0dGVyJTJGZmRjN2M4NWUtOWIyYi01YzYwLWIxOGItMjNiMTdhNzRjOTYxJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0THaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0S9aHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjIxNzcyJmxpPU1CRSZtPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3JnA9TUJFXzIwMjQwNjIwJnN0cGU9ZGVmYXVsdCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwVwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Morning Briefing: Europe Edition](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0TlaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VyaWVzL2V1cm9wZS1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) June 20, 2024 [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0S-aHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTA4MDgwOSZsaT1NQkUmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPU1CRV8yMDI0MDYyMCZzdHBlPWRlZmF1bHQmdGU9MSZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMFcDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGFuaWVsLWUtc2xvdG5paz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) By [Daniel E. Slotnik](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGFuaWVsLWUtc2xvdG5paz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) Good morning. We’re covering a mutual defense agreement between Russia and North Korea and the challenges of getting aid into Gaza. Plus: The legacy of Black librarians. [Two men stand at lecterns in front of North Korean and Russian flags.] Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un in Pyongyang, North Korea, yesterday. Pool photo by Kristina Kormilitsyna Russia and North Korea signed a defense pledge Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un, the leaders of Russia and of North Korea, revived a Cold War-era [mutual defense pledge between their two countries](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T9aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xOS93b3JsZC9hc2lhL3B1dGluLW1lZXRzLWtpbS1ub3J0aC1rb3JlYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) yesterday. The two promised to provide each other with “mutual assistance in the event of aggression,” but it was unclear if such assistance would mean full-fledged military intervention in the event of an attack, as the now-defunct 1961 treaty specified. But Putin said that Russia “does not exclude the development of military-technical cooperation” with North Korea, per the new agreement. He also [promised unspecified technological help](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T7aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xOS91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9wdXRpbi1raW0tcnVzc2lhLW51Y2xlYXIuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). If that includes a few critical technologies Kim has sought to perfect, it could help the North design a warhead that could threaten its many adversaries, starting with the U.S. Putin also seems finished with his years of helping to curb North Korea’s nuclear weapon and missile programs. “Pyongyang has the right to take reasonable measures to strengthen its own defense capability, ensure national security and protect sovereignty,” he said yesterday, though he did not address whether that included further developing the North’s nuclear weapons. Vietnam: After leaving North Korea, Putin traveled to Hanoi to [shore up a crucial partnership](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T8aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xOS93b3JsZC9hc2lhL3B1dGluLXJ1c3NpYS12aWV0bmFtLXZpc2l0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) in his war effort. [Parachutes with aid fall on a beach. There are ruined buildings in the background. ] In northern Gaza. Agence France-Presse — Getty Images What’s keeping aid out of Gaza? Humanitarian groups have thousands of tons of food, fuel and medicine ready to send to Gaza, but much of it can’t get in. Why? Some problems are typical for a war zone. The terrain is difficult to navigate, roads and warehouses are destroyed, and aid groups want to protect their workers from bombs and gunfire. But there have been bigger issues: Israel has turned back aid trucks based on opaque rules, citing security concerns. Egypt has blocked aid to protest Israel’s military operations. Hamas has stolen, or tried to steal, aid shipments. In other words, the people responsible for allowing aid into Gaza have prioritized their own interests over helping Palestinians. In doing so, they’ve repeatedly made decisions that humanitarian groups can’t overcome. Israel’s concerns Israel typically cites two justifications for blocking aid: It wants to stop any supplies that can help Hamas, and it wants to protect aid workers. The first reason is the more contentious one. American officials and humanitarian groups argue that Hamas has intercepted very few shipments. Critics say that Israel has been too careful about an overblown threat — or, worse, that it has used the aid as a weapon against Palestinians. “They are trying to provide a plausible cover story for collective punishment,” said Jeremy Konyndyk, the president of Refugees International, a humanitarian organization. But Hamas [has intercepted](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QiAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRpbWVzb2Zpc3JhZWwuY29tL3VzLXNheXMtaGFtYXMtc2VpemVkLWZpcnN0LWFpZC1zaGlwbWVudC10aGF0LWVudGVyZWQtZ2F6YS12aWEtcmVvcGVuZWQtZXJlei1jcm9zc2luZy8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~)[some](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QiAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRpbWVzb2Zpc3JhZWwuY29tL3VzLXNheXMtaGFtYXMtc2VpemVkLWZpcnN0LWFpZC1zaGlwbWVudC10aGF0LWVudGVyZWQtZ2F6YS12aWEtcmVvcGVuZWQtZXJlei1jcm9zc2luZy8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~)[aid](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QiAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRpbWVzb2Zpc3JhZWwuY29tL3VzLXNheXMtaGFtYXMtc2VpemVkLWZpcnN0LWFpZC1zaGlwbWVudC10aGF0LWVudGVyZWQtZ2F6YS12aWEtcmVvcGVuZWQtZXJlei1jcm9zc2luZy8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~), and Israel says its precautions keep the group from taking more. Other Hamas tactics have also made Israel more cautious. The group often hides behind civilians by placing its operatives in hospitals and stashing weapons in schools. Israel, worried that Hamas could also hide behind humanitarian groups and workers, requires aid groups to report their activities. For example, it signs off on specific routes in part to ensure that these really are humanitarian missions and not covert enemy operations. Those checks, however, can fail. In April, Israel killed seven World Central Kitchen workers, even though the group said it had coordinated its mission with the military. Israel called the strikes a mistake and apologized for the killings. It fired two of the officers involved and reprimanded others. “That was a turning point,” said my colleague Adam Rasgon, who’s based in Jerusalem. After the killings, Israel opened more crossings to allow aid into Gaza. The Israeli military also [announced this week](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QgAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2xpdmUvMjAyNC8wNi8xNy93b3JsZC9pc3JhZWwtZ2F6YS13YXItaGFtYXMvaXNyYWVsLWdhemEtcGF1c2UtZmlnaHRpbmctYWlkP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnNtaWQ9dXJsLXNoYXJlJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) that it would halt operations in parts of southern Gaza during daytime hours; the pause in fighting could help get more aid to Palestinians. Additional hurdles [The back of a truck with lots of packages strewn around. ] An aid shipment vandalized by protesters in Israel.  Oren Ziv/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images Since Israel controls what goes in and out of Gaza, it has taken a lot of the blame for the crisis there. But it is not the only country that has stopped supplies for Palestinians. After Israel moved into the southern city of Rafah last month, Egypt protested the incursion by blocking aid shipments. It did not want to look like it accepted Israeli control of the Rafah crossing, and it was upset that Israel was operating so close to the Egyptian border. (Consider: Egypt once occupied Gaza, but it lost control in 1967 in a war with Israel.) Egypt has since begun allowing some aid through Kerem Shalom, a crossing on the border with Israel. Still, the amount of aid getting into Gaza has dropped by nearly two-thirds since Israel began its operation in Rafah, according to the United Nations. Despite these problems, humanitarian groups rarely criticize Egypt for its role in the crisis. “They know that Egypt is really important to their operations and also extremely unreceptive to public criticism,” Adam told me. Separately, Palestinians have looted some shipments, either out of hunger and desperation or to sell the supplies in Gaza’s black markets. Far-right Israeli activists have also intercepted aid trucks traveling from Jordan to Gaza and smashed their supplies. The activists argue that Palestinians shouldn’t receive aid until Hamas returns Israeli hostages. The U.S. [placed sanctions](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QMAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNic25ld3MuY29tL25ld3MvdXMtc2FuY3Rpb25zLXRzYXYtOS1pc3JhZWxpLWdyb3VwLWh1bWFuaXRhcmlhbi1haWQtcGFsZXN0aW5pYW5zLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) last week on Tsav 9, one of the groups involved in these attacks. A choice [People trying to get food — children are holding bowls and their hands are outstretched with bowls. ] In Khan Younis. Jehad Alshrafi/Associated Press Aid workers often argue that the blame for all these problems ultimately falls on Israel: People in Gaza are starving because Israel started its military campaign there; it has the power to stop the war. But Israel has genuine national security interests in destroying Hamas. It wants to ensure that nothing like the Oct. 7 attack can happen again. To do that, Israeli leaders believe they have to fight across Gaza. In that sense, Israel has put Israelis’ security above Gazans’ — a predictable, if controversial, choice in war. [Ad] [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0S9aHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjIxNzY5JmxpPU1CRSZtPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3JnA9TUJFXzIwMjQwNjIwJnN0cGU9ZGVmYXVsdCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwVwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0S9aHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjIxNzY5JmxpPU1CRSZtPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3JnA9TUJFXzIwMjQwNjIwJnN0cGU9ZGVmYXVsdCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwVwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) MORE TOP NEWS [A Sudanese woman holds an infant near a line of other women with children against a wall.] Mohamed Zakaria/Reuters - Sudan: A possible massacre is again looming in Darfur, and a region once synonymous with genocide may be facing [a new chapter of horror.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QCAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2ludGVyYWN0aXZlLzIwMjQvMDYvMTkvd29ybGQvYWZyaWNhL3N1ZGFuLWRhcmZ1ci1zaWVnZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) - France: The country is [facing potential financial penalties](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T8aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xOS9idXNpbmVzcy9mcmFuY2UtYnVkZ2V0LWRlZmljaXQtbWFjcm9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) from the European Union for failing to rein in its ballooning deficit and debt. - South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa was sworn in yesterday. Here are the [four biggest challenges he faces.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QHAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjQvMDYvMTkvd29ybGQvYWZyaWNhL3NvdXRoLWFmcmljYS1pbmF1Z3VyYXRpb24tcmFtYXBob3NhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) - Britain: Whoever wins Britain’s upcoming elections will try to revive the country’s hobbled economy. [Here are some reasons](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T5aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xOS9idXNpbmVzcy9icml0YWluLWVjb25vbXktaW5mbGF0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) for the economy’s troubles. - Russia: A court sentenced a U.S. soldier to [nearly four years in jail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QCAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjQvMDYvMTkvd29ybGQvZXVyb3BlL3J1c3NpYS11cy1zb2xkaWVyLWdvcmRvbi1ibGFjay5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) for stealing from and threatening a woman with whom he was romantically involved. - Heat: Dozens of people have died from [extreme heat](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T6aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xOS93b3JsZC9ldXJvcGUvaGFqai1kZWF0aHMtbWVjY2EtaGVhdC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) during the annual hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia, according to reports from several countries. SPORTS NEWS [Willie Mays, wearing a jacket and uniform and holding a baseball, stands in a dugout.] Ernie Sisto/The New York Times - Remembering Willie Mays: A Major League Baseball event at the first stadium where Mays played pro ball [became an impromptu memorial](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T5aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xOS91cy9tYXlzLWJpcm1pbmdoYW0tYmFyb25zLXJpY2t3b29kLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~). Here’s an [appraisal](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QMAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2F0aGxldGljLzU1NzYxMDYvMjAyNC8wNi8xOS93aWxsaWUtbWF5cy1nZW5lcmF0aW9uYWwtcGxheWVyLWJhc2ViYWxsLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) by Tyler Kepner, and how the [current San Francisco Giants remembered](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QDAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2F0aGxldGljLzU1NzQ5MTcvMjAyNC8wNi8xOS9tYXlzLWRlYXRoLXNhbi1mcmFuY2lzY28tZ2lhbnRzLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) one of their team’s greats. - Olympics: Ralph Lauren unveiled the Team USA uniforms. [See them here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QLAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjQvMDYvMTgvc3R5bGUvcmFscGgtbGF1cmVuLXRlYW0tdXNhLW9seW1waWMtb3BlbmluZy1jZXJlbW9ueS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). Euro 2024: Portugal [beat the Czech Republic](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QnAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2F0aGxldGljLzU1NjgyODAvMjAyNC8wNi8xOC9wb3J0dWdhbC1jemVjaC1yZXB1YmxpYy1ldXJvLTIwMjQtY3Jpc3RpYW5vLXJvbmFsZG8tcmVzdWx0LWFuYWx5c2lzLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) with a 92nd-minute goal. Turkey beat Georgia in [one of the soccer tournament’s best games so far](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QhAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2F0aGxldGljLzU1NzM3NDIvMjAyNC8wNi8xOS90dXJrZXktZ2VvcmdpYS1ldXJvLTIwMjQtZ3VsZXIta3ZhcmF0c2toZWxpYS1ncmVhdC10b3VybmFtZW50Lz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD).MORNING READ [A large statue of a person on horseback towers above a fountain in a public square.] Byron Smith for The New York Times North Macedonia is claiming [Alexander the Great](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QDAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjQvMDYvMTkvd29ybGQvZXVyb3BlL25vcnRoLW1hY2Vkb25pYS1oaXN0b3J5LXN0YXR1ZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) and other historical figures in a push to build a national identity. Greece and Bulgaria aren’t happy. They see the new country — born just 33 years ago — as appropriating their heritage and heroes. [Ad] [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0S9aHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjIxNzY2JmxpPU1CRSZtPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3JnA9TUJFXzIwMjQwNjIwJnN0cGU9ZGVmYXVsdCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwVwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0S9aHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjIxNzY2JmxpPU1CRSZtPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3JnA9TUJFXzIwMjQwNjIwJnN0cGU9ZGVmYXVsdCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwVwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) CONVERSATION STARTERS - Shower in a bird cage? An architect converted an old wood shop [into a home where his imagination runs wild.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0T7aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNi8xNC90LW1hZ2F6aW5lL3JvYmVydG8tZ2Vyb3NhLWhvbWUtbWlsYW4uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) - Renters: Looking for friends? How about [23 housemates](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QAAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjQvMDYvMTcvcmVhbGVzdGF0ZS9yZW50ZXJzLWNyb3duLWhlaWdodHMtYnJvb2tseW4uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)? - Saving cetaceans: Two [Beluga whales were evacuated from an aquarium](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QHAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjQvMDYvMTkvd29ybGQvZXVyb3BlL2toYXJraXYtdWtyYWluZS1iZWx1Z2Etd2hhbGVzLXNwYWluLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) in Kharkiv, Ukraine, in what experts said was among the most complex marine mammal rescues ever. ARTS AND IDEAS [A black-and-white photograph of Black men and women gathered around a desk at a library. Two women are seated behind a wooden counter and facing away from the camera. The others are either reading books or filling out forms. In the background are high windows and shelves of books. ] New York Public Library The legacy of Black librarians Figures like the historian and activist W.E.B. Du Bois are often hailed as the founders of the 20th-century African American intellectual tradition. But scholars are also uncovering the important role of women who ran libraries devoted to work by and about Black people, at a time when many public libraries were uninterested in Black materials and often unwelcoming to Black patrons. The librarians fostered the intellectual ferment of the Harlem Renaissance by building collections and — just as important — [communities of readers and writers](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P4QUAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjQvMDYvMTkvYXJ0cy9oYXJsZW0tcmVuYWlzc2FuY2UtbGlicmFyaWFucy1saWJyYXJpZXMtYm9va3MtbGl0ZXJhdHVyZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTUxJmVtYz1lZGl0X21iZV8yMDI0MDYyMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMjY2OTImbmw9bW9ybmluZy1icmllZmluZyUzQS1ldXJvcGUtZWRpdGlvbiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTcwMDM3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmbHW3c2aH7khSUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). “These librarians were very tuned in and understood that a cultural movement also needs a space,” one historian said. “And libraries served that function in every town and city where they were set up.” We hope you’ve enjoyed this newsletter, which is made possible through subscriber support. 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And here are [today’s Mini Crossword](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vY3Jvc3N3b3Jkcy9nYW1lL21pbmk_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) and [Wordle](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vZ2FtZXMvd29yZGxlL2luZGV4Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NTEmZW1jPWVkaXRfbWJlXzIwMjQwNjIwJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEyNjY5MiZubD1tb3JuaW5nLWJyaWVmaW5nJTNBLWV1cm9wZS1lZGl0aW9uJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNzAwMzcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmZsdbdzZofuSFJSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~). [You can find all our puzzles here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRoVjx1P0TRaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vY3Jvc3N3b3Jkcz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD01MSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9tYmVfMjAyNDA2MjAmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTI2NjkyJm5sPW1vcm5pbmctYnJpZWZpbmclM0EtZXVyb3BlLWVkaXRpb24mcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE3MDAzNyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZmx1t3Nmh-5IUlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). Thanks to German Lopez. That’s all for today. Thanks for reading, and see you tomorrow. — Dan You can reach Dan and the team at [briefing@nytimes.com](mailto:briefing@nytimes.com?subject=Europe%20Morning%20Briefing%20Feedback). Need help? 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