Race/Related: Harlem was no longer the same after this dinner party

Harlem was synonymous with the arts. But what I didn’t know was how that had come to be. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~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)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0SyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjQwNDA1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTExOTMyOSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTYyNjc1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmCt3nD2Y4VCdZUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)[Continue reading the main story](#) [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0SZaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjA3NTgwJmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDI0MDQwNSZ0ZT0xJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjQwNDA1VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Race/Related](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3BvdGxpZ2h0L3JhY2U_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyNDA0MDUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTE5MzI5Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNjI2NzUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) April 5, 2024 [A black-and-white photo from 1944 of a group of people in New York City laughing and holding drinks at a get-together. At least five are sitting on the floor.] George Karger/Getty Images)/The Chronicle Collection, via Getty Images Harlem transformed [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TGaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvdmVyb25pY2EtY2hhbWJlcnM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyNDA0MDUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTE5MzI5Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNjI2NzUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) By [Veronica Chambers](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TGaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvdmVyb25pY2EtY2hhbWJlcnM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyNDA0MDUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTE5MzI5Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNjI2NzUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) Veronica Chambers has spent decades studying the Harlem Renaissance As a kid growing up in Brooklyn, Harlem always seemed like a magical place. I learned about the Studio Museum in Harlem and artists like Alma Thomas and Romare Bearden. Langston Hughes’s poems were featured on posters in my local library, and everybody knew Duke Ellington because of his signature tune, “Take the A Train,” written by Billy Strayhorn. There were the Apollo Theater, where Ella Fitzgerald first sang, and dance troupes like the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and Dance Theater of Harlem. Harlem was synonymous with the arts. But what I didn’t know was how that had come to be. My senior thesis in college was on the dinner party that launched the Harlem Renaissance. It was amazing to me that a group of creative giants had prioritized art to serve as a case study in marrying talent to opportunity. The people I knew often said that art could make a difference, but the Harlem Renaissance showed me it was truly possible. In the early 1920s, Black Americans were excluded from many of the fields in which other Americans were building bases of power and generational wealth: from the unions to Wall Street and Congress. But as the historian David Levering Lewis noted, “no exclusionary rules had been laid down regarding a place in the arts. Here was a small crack in the wall of racism, a fissure that was worth trying to widen.” So on March 21, 1924, two Black academics, Alain Locke and Charles S. Johnson, invited more than 100 guests to the Civic Club in Manhattan with a grand plan to give young Black artists a shot at the kinds of opportunities they’d rarely had before: book deals with major publishing houses, their artwork on display in museums, their songs on radio and Broadway rotation. The party was, as [we wrote about it recently in the Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wMy8yMS9hcnRzL2hhcmxlbS1yZW5haXNzYW5jZS1kaW5uZXItMTkyNC1hbm5pdmVyc2FyeS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjQwNDA1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTExOTMyOSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTYyNjc1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmCt3nD2Y4VCdZUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~), a major success. In the decade afterward, more than 40 major works by Black Americans were published. Levering Lewis wrote in When Harlem was in Vogue that no more than five Black American writers published significant books between 1908 and 1923. [A black-and-white portrait of Zora Neale Hurston, who is laughing and looking off to the right side of the frame. She is wearing a hat with a feather attached to the front, a dark coat with fur trim and gloves. ] Zora Neale Hurston arrived in Harlem in 1925 as the first African American student at Barnard College. Carl Van Vechten via Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library and The Van Vechten Trust What we know now, and what we’ll keep exploring in this series about the [100th anniversary of the Harlem Renaissance](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TOaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3BvdGxpZ2h0L2hhcmxlbS1yZW5haXNzYW5jZT9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDI0MDQwNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMTkzMjkmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE2MjY3NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZgrd5w9mOFQnWVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD), is how that kind of creativity and hope can take on an astonishing velocity. From the inimitable voice of the writer Zora Neale Hurston and the painted murals of Aaron Douglas to the song stylings of Louis Armstrong, Harlem was forever changed after the Civic Club dinner. Wallace Thurman, a poet who lived in Harlem during the Renaissance, noted that the neighborhood had become “almost a Negro Greenwich Village. Every other person you meet is writing a novel, a poem or a drama.” It’s not too hard to draw a line between the work that was begun then to the work that exists now: the poetry of Mahogany L. Browne and Kwame Alexander, the Black superheroes imagined by Eve L. Ewing and Malcolm Spellman, or the novels by Colson Whitehead, Edwidge Danticat and James McBride. The Harlem Renaissance reshaped the landscape of American culture, and for Black artists around the globe the aperture of what was possible widened. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0SZaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTc0MTQ5JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDI0MDQwNSZ0ZT0xJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjQwNDA1VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) EDITORS’ PICKS We publish many articles that touch on race. Here are several you shouldn’t miss. [[Article Image] by The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0T2aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyNC8wMy8yOC9yZWFsZXN0YXRlL3JlbnQtcGFydHktaGFybGVtLXJlbmFpc3NhbmNlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyNDA0MDUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTE5MzI5Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNjI2NzUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [The Rent Was Too High So They Threw a Party During the Harlem Renaissance, some Black people hosted rent parties, celebrations with an undercurrent of desperation in the face of racism and discrimination. By Debra Kamin](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0T2aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyNC8wMy8yOC9yZWFsZXN0YXRlL3JlbnQtcGFydHktaGFybGVtLXJlbmFpc3NhbmNlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyNDA0MDUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTE5MzI5Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNjI2NzUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [[Article Image] Jessica Lehrman for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wMy8yOC9hcnRzL2d1bS13cmFwcGVyLXNjdWxwdHVyZS1hbmltYXRpb24uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDI0MDQwNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMTkzMjkmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE2MjY3NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZgrd5w9mOFQnWVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Sculpture Doesn’t Get Much Smaller Than This Lyndon J. Barrois Sr., whose day job is high-tech animation, uses gum wrappers to create detailed portraits of historical figures and athletes in flight. By Julia Carmel and Jessica Lehrman](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wMy8yOC9hcnRzL2d1bS13cmFwcGVyLXNjdWxwdHVyZS1hbmltYXRpb24uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDI0MDQwNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMTkzMjkmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE2MjY3NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZgrd5w9mOFQnWVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [[Black and white photograph of a girl seen from behind with long braids. The back of her head is a clock.] Coreen Simpson](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0T0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNC8wNC9hcnRzL2Rlc2lnbi9ibGFjay1waG90b2dyYXBoZXJzLXZpc2lvbi1hbmQtanVzdGljZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjQwNDA1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTExOTMyOSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTYyNjc1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmCt3nD2Y4VCdZUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Critic’s Notebook Welcoming Underexposed Black Photographers Into the Canon The Vision & Justice publishing initiative hopes to build a richer, more racially inclusive history of photography. By Arthur Lubow](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0T0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNC8wNC9hcnRzL2Rlc2lnbi9ibGFjay1waG90b2dyYXBoZXJzLXZpc2lvbi1hbmQtanVzdGljZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjQwNDA1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTExOTMyOSZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTYyNjc1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpmCt3nD2Y4VCdZUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [[A woman in a black suite adorned with colorful flowers leans one elbow on a small table that has a vase of white orchids.] Arielle Gray for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0T5aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNC8wMy9hcnRzL211c2ljL2FsaWNlLXJhbmRhbGwtbXktYmxhY2staGlzdG9yeS1jb3VudHJ5LW11c2ljLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyNDA0MDUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTE5MzI5Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNjI2NzUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Alice Randall Made Country History. Black Women Are Helping Tell Hers. In “My Black Country,” the musician and author who cracked a Nashville color barrier is telling her story — and hearing her songs reimagined. By Grayson Haver Currin](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0T5aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNC8wMy9hcnRzL211c2ljL2FsaWNlLXJhbmRhbGwtbXktYmxhY2staGlzdG9yeS1jb3VudHJ5LW11c2ljLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyNDA0MDUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTE5MzI5Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNjI2NzUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmYK3ecPZjhUJ1lSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [[Article Image] Ashley Landis/Associated Press](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRn8mzdP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyNC8wNC8wNC91cy9zaG9oZWktb2h0YW5pLWRvZGdlcnMtbG9zLWFuZ2VsZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDI0MDQwNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMTkzMjkmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE2MjY3NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZgrd5w9mOFQnWVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [California Today Shohei Ohtani’s Arrival Reflects Diversity of Dodgers Fans, and Los Angeles Around Camelback Ranch, the Dodgers’ spring training home in Phoenix, fans of all backgrounds were wearing Ohtani jerseys and many spoke Japanese and Spanish. 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