Neuron: November 6, 2024 (Volume 112, Issue 21)

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Featured articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [From animal models to human individuality: Integrative approaches to the study of brain plasticity](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00727-X/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/d5qmgcsQx4Gt5vBB-baW68kSbNR1QVqa46QPLTVURAg=378) Hille et al. [Network-wide risk convergence in gene co-expression identifies reproducible genetic hubs of schizophrenia risk](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00575-0/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/k-TjNz1ruHYG6b1d_9CdvqP31PLIgs1xmZXQoL0UtfU=378) Borcuk et al. [Failure in a population: Tauopathy disrupts homeostatic set-points in emergent dynamics despite stability in the constituent neurons](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00578-6/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/xwCnRnaA5KomPtAb9FQ_DAA0xl4lkS3Y_MhW77M1iU4=378) McGregor et al. [Integration and competition between space and time in the hippocampus](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00579-8/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/UaNP8s_Dt40RhVcfTWvPVd9rp5BHANlGDD9O8DQrfCk=378) Chen et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Functional architecture of cerebral cortex during naturalistic movie watching](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00726-8/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/NteEjI5baicKAADLZTPsQpnGX2sYgU3Mlh6qQ8CxvR0=378) Rajimehr et al. [Functional properties of corticothalamic circuits targeting paraventricular thalamic neurons](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00731-1/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/8Zr6TtCFq9LrM1SkaqJXjtZkxkYL_cLu_BE1ptBneQo=378) Aquino-Miranda et al. [Defining cardioception: Heart-brain crosstalk](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00730-X/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/zWmWqMY6G_CNtR83XasUr1fc6lLVgmbOboQUhA8BXgg=378) Lovelace et al. [Zero-shot counting with a dual-stream neural network model](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00729-3/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/TkQlaN1EZG3qBPLuhp7s6xK5cVrM8H1Fba_Aizk6MKk=378) Thompson et al.A Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Natural behavior relaxes zoning divisions in the brain](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00696-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/BrmH6TdVBiT7793c5gKQo5ECX7sfXaHptHeI9peTL9w=378) Katalin M. Gothard, Archer I. Bowrie Technological advances allow neurophysiologists to explore the brain during natural behaviors, revealing new functional principles and challenging old ones. In this issue of Neuron, Li and colleagues show that the traditional parcellation of the marmoset frontal cortex does not apply to naturalistic conversations. [Gastrointestinal tract cleavage of α-synuclein by asparaginyl endopeptidase leads to Parkinson’s disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00736-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/Y_cGKdiNGLguUPoY4mILjnESiz_mE1ljbRMRpMkpAsQ=378) Longfei Li, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson Pathologic α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may contribute to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Xiang et al. report in Neuron that enteric nervous system-specific expression of asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP)-truncated α-syn and tau spreads to the brain, synergistically causing PD-related neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral deficits. [Rev or restrain: Mechanisms of human-specific synaptic neoteny](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00732-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/NAhoMlcaIS9uwB9Vlgeamj10_X-I7waaGKXySTxCM9E=378) Jenelle L. Wallace, Alex A. Pollen In the current issues of Neuron and Cell Reports, Libé-Philippot et al.1 and Assendorp et al.2 identify interactions between human-specific SRGAP2C, synaptic regulator SRGAP2A, and neurodevelopmental disorder-associated proteins SYNGAP1 and CTNND2 to slow synaptic maturation in human neurons. Perspective --------------------------------------------------------------- [From animal models to human individuality: Integrative approaches to the study of brain plasticity](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00727-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/JbEZNqGzIPCRSKIa-Xnmng3K-PYOgTZ_KiQaU5BaTYQ=378) Maike Hille, Simone Kühn, Gerd Kempermann, Tobias Bonhoeffer, Ulman Lindenberger Open Access Hille et al. wish to strengthen connections between human research and animal models of brain plasticity. They propose to make greater use of macroscopic imaging methods in animals, intensify cross-species research, and develop models linking microscopic events to macroscopically accessible phenomena. Report --------------------------------------------------------------- [Representing the dynamics of natural marmoset vocal behaviors in frontal cortex](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00644-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/8058WoNhBT4XwHwxO-hLrkbBXuLBaykH_5GleF7fvR0=378) Jingwen Li, Mikio C. Aoi, Cory T. Miller Open Access Li and colleagues applied model-based and traditional analyses to characterize single-neuron responses in the frontal cortex while marmosets engaged in their natural conversational exchanges. Results showed that the population supported nearly all facets of this ethological behavior through an anatomically distributed—but functionally modular—pattern of neural activity. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Network-wide risk convergence in gene co-expression identifies reproducible genetic hubs of schizophrenia risk](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00575-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/niDoKGlSUts9DtggA4nvI1HrRAI_MysjILb3BOawp9I=378) Christopher Borcuk, Madhur Parihar, Leonardo Sportelli, Joel E. Kleinman, Joo Heon Shin, Thomas M. Hyde, Alessandro Bertolino, Daniel R. Weinberger, Giulio Pergola Open Access Genetic risk for schizophrenia spans the entire genome. Borcuk et al. show that network neighbors of risk genes also harbor risk, most evidently in excitatory neurons. They leverage this property to propose potential risk genes that are “guilty by association.” Stem cell data support the link between these genes and schizophrenia risk. [Failure in a population: Tauopathy disrupts homeostatic set-points in emergent dynamics despite stability in the constituent neurons](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00578-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/1SdNK6cEGZ2Kb6cTefZt9AQwoEKD2pqFmQEarm85338=378) James N. McGregor, Clayton A. Farris, Sahara Ensley, Aidan Schneider, Leandro J. Fosque, Chao Wang, Elizabeth I. Tilden, Yuqi Liu, Jianhong Tu, Halla Elmore, Keenan D. Ronayne, Ralf Wessel, Eva L. Dyer, Kiran Bhaskaran-Nair, David M. Holtzman, Keith B. Hengen Open Access In multi-month recordings of the mouse hippocampus, McGregor et al. ask which homeostatic set-points in neuronal activity are undermined by tauopathy. Criticality, an emergent endpoint, is severely disrupted by the disease, while the activity of underlying individual neurons appears unaffected. These findings suggest a dynamical locus by which tauopathy disrupts neuronal function. [Gut-induced alpha-Synuclein and Tau propagation initiate Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease co-pathology and behavior impairments](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00576-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/VTpNMbHHjLThV6E5iBZiAVOcOH7HooHd59sKRsw5Wy8=378) Jie Xiang, Jingrong Tang, Fei Kang, Jiajun Ye, Yueying Cui, Zhentao Zhang, Jing Wang, Shengxi Wu, Keqiang Ye Xiang et al. establish a gut-inducible transgenic mouse model and detect that the gut-derived α-Syn or Tau pathology can propagate into the DMV or NTS and then to other brain regions. The α-Syn PET tracer [18F]-F0502B can detect α-Syn aggregates in the gut and brain. [Synaptic neoteny of human cortical neurons requires species-specific balancing of SRGAP2-SYNGAP1 cross-inhibition](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00645-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/d53-V6FxbmpIvVBmsfNupHI0Ucs1akZEgYkorqs3Wzg=378) Baptiste Libé-Philippot, Ryohei Iwata, Aleksandra J. Recupero, Keimpe Wierda, Sergio Bernal Garcia, Luke Hammond, Anja van Benthem, Ridha Limame, Martyna Ditkowska, Sofie Beckers, Vaiva Gaspariunaite, Eugénie Peze-Heidsieck, Daan Remans, Cécile Charrier, Tom Theys, Franck Polleux, Pierre Vanderhaeghen Open Access Libé-Philippot et al. investigate the mechanisms underlying the prolonged synaptic development characteristic of human cortical neurons. They demonstrate that the human-specific genes SRGAP2B/C are required for human synaptic neoteny in vivo. They find that SRGAP2B/C slow down synaptogenesis by upregulating the synaptic levels of SYNGAP1, encoded by a major intellectual disability gene. [Phosphorylation of Piezo1 at a single residue, serine-1612, regulates its mechanosensitivity and in vivo mechanotransduction function](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00581-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/oiM5sFD1diw0xGMGdacUd2ZIRA2tc5KgMfL_w8vRUpE=378) Tingxin Zhang, Cheng Bi, Yiran Li, Lingyun Zhao, Yaxiong Cui, Kunfu Ouyang, Bailong Xiao Zhang et al. discovered a conserved phosphorylation site, serine-1612, in Piezo1 that mediates PKA- and PKC-dependent phosphorylation and potentiation of the mechanically activated channel activities. Serine-1612 phosphorylation of endothelial Piezo1 regulates Piezo1-mediated in vivo mechanotransduction functions in controlling blood pressure homeostasis and exercise performance. [A brainstem circuit amplifies aversion](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00582-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/xsXiA0jtmbDLM5SFUhwJGyMthu48SISDOH7F7ggNcD4=378) Jingwen Liang, Yu Zhou, Qiru Feng, Youtong Zhou, Tao Jiang, Miao Ren, Xueyan Jia, Hui Gong, Run Di, Peijie Jiao, Minmin Luo Liang et al. demonstrate that the brainstem circuit from the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) to the nucleus incertus (NI) is an aversion amplifier, offering potential therapeutic targets for affective disorders and opioid relapse prevention. [Integration and competition between space and time in the hippocampus](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00579-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000193025eed22-acc16562-09a0-4434-927a-6dcd89fe8301-000000/sDARmGGxdTLmqZJDHTx2pUg1rnojXZ0UxanxjNMi2zw=378) Shijie Chen, Ning Cheng, Xiaojing Chen, Cheng Wang To study how the representation of space and time interact in the episodic memory system, Chen et al. showed that hippocampal CA1 neurons simultaneously represented space and elapsed time, and the neuronal firing reflected a trade-off or competition between space and time by shifting their fields in space or time. 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