Neuron: September 25, 2024 (Volume 112, Issue 18)

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Featured articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Q&A: Cori Bargmann](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00656-1/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/jrMLVwZjBrE58_lbi05dBswhlIgFM6IgGvMItdc1gac=372) Cori Bargmann [BRAIN @ 10: A decade of innovation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00655-X/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/1Z5m_-Mi20Y5Sl2TVv9kuSuKhm0uExKsyjLhUQ_RQro=372) John Ngai [Beyond neural data: Cognitive biometrics and mental privacy](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00652-4/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/w9OPQMLWWouc_VbG30EdT0JVSJsm_ytDQct9dKlDijU=372) Magee et al. [A shared model-based linguistic space for transmitting our thoughts from brain to brain in natural conversations](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00460-4/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/Wnw5Dh4bup8sBhq42u1enUFPlq9OsODBh4c7JKZlt10=372) Zada et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Ventral hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons gate the acute anxiolytic action of the serotonergic psychedelic DOI](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00640-8/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/zarKswcu1XnUgJmBKp1sRTSt9nIMli-fQ9o_66J_Q5g=372) Tiwari et al. [Ventral frontostriatal circuitry mediates the computation of reinforcement from symbolic gains and losses](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00642-1/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/RX73NNCCWf7LDeH5NsLZGexWh6cQl5oz8cjncmSDQwg=372) Tang et al. [Offline hippocampal reactivation during dentate spikes supports flexible memory](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00646-9/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/gEaHs2xjpY69i3FF8HK1dIlv5aotdvzuHT6aUw-b4uc=372) McHugh et al. [The sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter Slc4a5 mediates feedback at the first synapse of vision](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00639-1/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/0s5GpSHF2fAO9xHSn1_xHBPdHFb5OZEQLg1gC951IX0=372) Morikawa et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Protective lifelines: Tunneling nanotubes connect neurons and microglia](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00572-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/Kr_6icFTk1m8OatmlTljC_2ar9zFZWh5ZmOQ2s_4rI4=372) Jonas J. Neher, Mikael Simons Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) facilitate the exchange of intracellular cargo between cells. In this issue of Neuron, Scheiblich et al. reveal that TNTs selectively mediate the bidirectional transfer of cytoplasmic protein aggregates from neurons to microglia and mitochondria from microglia to neurons, thereby preserving neuronal health. [Regenerating enteric neurites navigate the adult intestine using a glial positioning system?](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00647-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/cfxhKR0eTZU_2HwmyFJaiFnOzYsPJdTuc0cu-z7SZhU=372) Candice Fung, Pieter Vanden Berghe While the enteric nervous system (ENS) is highly dynamic during development, the extent to which it is capable of repair remains unclear. In this issue of Neuron, Stavely et al. show that enteric neurons can reinnervate damaged regions to regain functionality using a glial positioning system (GPS) as their guide. [An abstract linguistic space for transmitting information from one mind to another](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00653-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/qx0bwudVUUxpeF9R7rHj-RCaXcPgEvx_uQNKwUnkTlk=372) Greta Tuckute, Evelina Fedorenko In this issue of Neuron, Zada et al. examine how linguistic information flows from a speaker’s brain to a listener’s brain during face-to-face spontaneous conversation. The authors use intracranial recordings from five pairs of epilepsy patients and neural network language models to establish the existence of an abstract, linguistic space that is shared during conversation. Q&A --------------------------------------------------------------- [Cori Bargmann](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00656-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/lZttbBuTvPX2_h9gEkHLmu-h4uceOV94uIsWOWL-Ueo=372) Cori Bargmann In an interview with Neuron, Cori Bargmann discusses C. elegans as a model organism, the importance of considering the animal’s own world (thinking like a worm), choosing a scientific problem, and her experience as head of science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and co-chair of the BRAIN Initiative. NeuroViews --------------------------------------------------------------- [BRAIN @ 10: A decade of innovation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00655-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/1l4C-g2rmSo2-BJi4uczvPs1nE1AS0bvkD6Ir9rvlZ0=372) John Ngai Open Access Now entering its second decade, the National Institutes of Health Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative, or the NIH BRAIN Initiative, has yielded remarkable success, accelerating research on the neural circuit basis of behavior and breaking new ground toward the treatment of complex human brain disorders. [Data science and its future in large neuroscience collaborations](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00641-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/AUa_Ce2esO7z0xQ1UNNMT1qxW5nAVxkRzdfJ21cbPt4=372) Manuel Schottdorf, Guoqiang Yu, Edgar Y. Walker Collaborative neuroscience requires systematic data management and analysis. How this is best done in practice remains unclear. Based on a survey across collaborative neuroscience projects, Schottdorf et al. document the current state of the art focusing on data integration, sharing, and researcher training. Schottdorf et al. propose best practices and list actions and policies to attain these goals. [Implications of the novel EU AI Act for neurotechnologies](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00607-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/4fZBAQ0BHKntDw_mWHuC81FgRZvaEgdXeB-i62QNztM=372) Christoph Bublitz, Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor, Surjo R. Soekadar The EU AI Act, the first comprehensive regulation of AI, came into effect in August. Here, Bublitz et al. provide an overview of the provisions that apply to the field of neurotechnology with respect to research and development and neuroscience practice and discuss some implications for the future. Perspectives --------------------------------------------------------------- [Beyond neural data: Cognitive biometrics and mental privacy](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00652-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/WHBS41xyiy0FE87L64UkQ4NRp6-QuyuHp8YzcMm1aPE=372) Patrick Magee, Marcello Ienca, Nita Farahany Open Access Biometric data relating to human cognitive, affective, and conative states (“cognitive biometrics”) are not adequately protected under existing privacy laws. The authors argue for an expansive approach that would treat neural and cognitive biometric data holistically as categories of “sensitive data” and provide them with analogous privacy protections. [Navigating through the complexities of synucleinopathies: Insights into pathogenesis, heterogeneity, and future perspectives](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00364-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/Fiplq8Ys-45bZczgbp57SAhSEvBTuUih_nW9uz7zVuk=372) Diana F. Lázaro, Virginia M.-Y. Lee In this perspective, Lázaro and Lee explore the diverse characteristics of Lewy bodies (LBs) and alpha-synuclein (aSyn) strains, their roles in synucleinopathies, and the mechanisms of aSyn aggregation and propagation. They highlight emerging biomarkers and AI integration for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. [Neuronal enhancers fine-tune adaptive circuit plasticity](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00574-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/EF8HVbP_qGioVpUaT42xzp2nPdF_JD8Bdp5pGV8Pf4A=372) Eric C. Griffith, Anne E. West, Michael E. Greenberg Neuronal activity-responsive gene expression regulates neural circuit plasticity. Griffith et al. review the critical role of cis-regulatory enhancer elements in orchestrating gene expression programs and highlight the promise of enhancer-focused studies to advance understanding of neural plasticity mechanisms. Report --------------------------------------------------------------- [SYNGAP1 deficiency disrupts synaptic neoteny in xenotransplanted human cortical neurons in vivo](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00529-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/C_gtiKgUTQGyXaUSVPAxm9RIzedz7W9dQNTB409h2-c=372) Ben Vermaercke, Ryohei Iwata, Keimpe Wierda, Leïla Boubakar, Paula Rodriguez, Martyna Ditkowska, Vincent Bonin, Pierre Vanderhaeghen Open Access Vermaercke et al. investigate the mechanisms underlying deficiency in the ID/ASD gene SYNGAP1 in human cortical neurons transplanted in the mouse cortex. They find that SYNGAP1-deficient neurons develop mature synapses and circuit integration months in advance, leading to precocious sensory responsiveness. These data link disrupted neoteny of human neurons to an ID/ASD gene mutation. NeuroResource --------------------------------------------------------------- [A single-cell atlas deconstructs heterogeneity across multiple models in murine traumatic brain injury and identifies novel cell-specific targets](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00456-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/cDdclDclb5Z0fG5tqhrbFc3rS_D9c3Wbd7BCkU1jHHw=372) Ruchira M. Jha, Dhivyaa Rajasundaram, Chaim Sneiderman, Brent T. Schlegel, Casey O’Brien, Zujian Xiong, Keri Janesko-Feldman, Ria Trivedi, Vincent Vagni, Benjamin E. Zusman, Joshua S. Catapano, Adam Eberle, Shashvat M. Desai, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Sandra Mihaljevic, Margaux Miller, Sudhanshu Raikwar, Anupama Rani, Jarrod Rulney, Shima Shahjouie, Itay Raphael, Aditya Kumar, Chia-Ling Phuah, Ethan A. Winkler, Dennis W. Simon, Patrick M. Kochanek, Gary Kohanbash Open Access The first large-scale searchable transcriptomic atlas of 334,376 single cells, deconstructing heterogeneity across several murine models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), identifies novel and distinct cell-specific targets based on severity, sex, time, and brain region, including a previously unrecognized role for specific microglial and ependymal subtypes. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Single-cell dissection of the human blood-brain barrier and glioma blood-tumor barrier](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00571-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/PjodRiviNzvOjqpQJORMKLJhZnRFpYFJKWFJN7xdCGU=372) Yuan Xie, Fan Yang, Liqun He, Hua Huang, Min Chao, Haiyan Cao, Yaqin Hu, Zhicheng Fan, Yaohong Zhai, Wenjian Zhao, Xian Liu, Ruozhu Zhao, Bing Xiao, Xinxin Shi, Yuancheng Luo, Jinlong Yin, Dayun Feng, Jean-Philippe Hugnot, Lars Muhl, Anna Dimberg, Christer Betsholtz, Yanyu Zhang, Liang Wang, Lei Zhang Blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the central nervous system, but it also hinders the delivery of most drugs into the brain. In this study, Xie et al. construct a human single-cell atlas for main BBB-forming cell types. This atlas offers new insights for understanding brain health and developing treatments. [Microglia rescue neurons from aggregate-induced neuronal dysfunction and death through tunneling nanotubes](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00491-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/0SzYopX2dP44GfHmlyO1Ub9RFyiXVvguOnmkQoqtscU=372) Hannah Scheiblich, Frederik Eikens, Lena Wischhof, Sabine Opitz, Kay Jüngling, Csaba Cserép, Susanne V. Schmidt, Jessica Lambertz, Tracy Bellande, Balázs Pósfai, Charlotte Geck, Jasper Spitzer, Alexandru Odainic, Sergio Castro-Gomez, Stephanie Schwartz, Ibrahim Boussaad, Rejko Krüger, Enrico Glaab, Donato A. Di Monte, Daniele Bano, Ádám Dénes, Eike Latz, Ronald Melki, Hans-Christian Pape, Michael T. Heneka Open Access Scheiblich et al. uncover a novel mechanism by which microglia use tunneling nanotubes to connect with α-syn- or tau-burdened neurons, enabling transfer of these proteins to microglia for clearance. Microglia donate mitochondria to restore neuronal health, shedding light on new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. [Astrocytes modulate brain phosphate homeostasis via polarized distribution of phosphate uptake transporter PiT2 and exporter XPR1](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00455-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/UxdpXAldI58uZXefUHcknMbP-tkdSiSJHVT5FQVpMHA=372) Xuewen Cheng, Miao Zhao, Lei Chen, Chenwei Huang, Qiwu Xu, Jia Shao, Hong-Tao Wang, Yuxian Zhang, Xuequan Li, Xuan Xu, Xiang-Ping Yao, Kai-Jun Lin, Hui Xue, Han Wang, Qi Chen, Yong-Chuan Zhu, Jia-Wei Zhou, Woo-Ping Ge, Shu-Jia Zhu, Jing-Yu Liu, Wan-Jin Chen, Zhi-Qi Xiong Cheng et al. discover that astrocytes transport inorganic phosphate through the polarized distribution of importer PiT2 and exporter XPR1, which maintain brain homeostasis of inorganic phosphate, providing a therapeutic strategy for calcification amelioration in patients with primary basal ganglion calcification. [Mature enteric neurons have the capacity to reinnervate the intestine with glial cells as their guide](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00453-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/KL81PUvib5aNDv_4AbZJc3qCnj0WHbotg-VlV1SK_9A=372) Rhian Stavely, Ahmed A. Rahman, Jessica L. Mueller, Abigail R. Leavitt, Christopher Y. Han, Weikang Pan, Kyla N. Kaiser, Leah C. Ott, Takahiro Ohkura, Richard A. Guyer, Alan J. Burns, Abigail N. Koppes, Ryo Hotta, Allan M. Goldstein Stavely et al. uncover the remarkable capacity of mature adult enteric neurons, with critical guidance from enteric glial cells, to regenerate nerve fibers and rapidly reinnervate the intestine following injury or neural cell transplantation. The results have wide-ranging implications for the development of regenerative therapies to treat neurointestinal diseases. [Piezo1 ion channels are capable of conformational signaling](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00459-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/NT3BjQzg6tSwgqlhp3RkUcSHzKr5ZsvrZR7eJeSa9RU=372) Amanda H. Lewis, Marie E. Cronin, Jörg Grandl Lewis et al. report that conformational changes in Piezo1 ion channels are sensed by other proteins, independently of ion permeation. Such a mechanism is known as “conformational signaling.” The finding conceptually expands the mechanisms by which mechanical forces are transduced into cellular signals. [A hypothalamic-amygdala circuit underlying sexually dimorphic aggression](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00457-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/dqwR5lg7K7_wjlIz6_eX11Z7loJOA977sgo1McGRtAU=372) Zhenggang Zhu, Lu Miao, Kaiyuan Li, Qingqing Ma, Lina Pan, Chenjie Shen, Qianqian Ge, Yonglan Du, Luping Yin, Hongbin Yang, Xiaohong Xu, Ling-Hui Zeng, Yijun Liu, Han Xu, Xiao-ming Li, Li Sun, Yan-qin Yu, Shumin Duan By identifying a hypothalamic-amygdala circuit that mediates male-biased aggression, Zhu et al. demonstrated that dominant excitatory projections within the VMHvl-pSI circuit in male mice lead to increased pSI activity and heightened aggression, revealing a sexually distinct excitation-inhibition balance during social behaviors. [Ketamine ameliorates post-traumatic social avoidance by erasing the traumatic memory encoded in VTA-innervated BLA engram cells](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00461-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/iaYnnIBf-Hikm-D6xkhhvr30pZObBwbgKq6spRq0xfw=372) Ming Li, Xue-Ke Yang, Jian Yang, Tong-Xia Li, Chi Cui, Xiang Peng, Jie Lei, Kun Ren, Jie Ming, Pei Zhang, Bo Tian Tian et al. show that ketamine administered within the re-exposure time window alleviates PTSD-like symptoms by reducing BLA engram cell activity. Activation of the VTA to BLA dopaminergic pathways mimics ketamine’s effects, highlighting the potential of combining ketamine with cognitive-behavioral therapy for enhanced PTSD treatment. [A shared model-based linguistic space for transmitting our thoughts from brain to brain in natural conversations](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(24)00460-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/010001922a0547de-bcc5ebfb-29b0-4662-96b4-b4033c1c7ec0-000000/MEtVEmDWcA4z0ZHN_Q81_UfLBJzDsoaTnaZKB6adzTU=372) Zaid Zada, Ariel Goldstein, Sebastian Michelmann, Erez Simony, Amy Price, Liat Hasenfratz, Emily Barham, Asieh Zadbood, Werner Doyle, Daniel Friedman, Patricia Dugan, Lucia Melloni, Sasha Devore, Adeen Flinker, Orrin Devinsky, Samuel A. Nastase, Uri Hasson Open Access Zada et al. use contextual embeddings from large language models to capture linguistic information transmitted from the speaker’s brain to the listener’s brain in real-time, dyadic conversations. 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